Σ學習通 · W9D3 · 54 / 129
0 / 15
第 9 週 · 二次方程 · 第 3 節

判別式 Δ 與根的性質

有時不必把方程解出來,只想知道「它有沒有實根、有幾個」。判別式 Δ = b² − 4ac 就是那只眼睛。配抛物線圖,從零講透。

▶ 第一關: 算 Δ,判根的個數
where Δ lives in the quadratic formulax =−b ± √(b² − 4ac)2aΔ = b² − 4acΔ > 0 : √ gives a real numberΔ = 0 : √ gives 0Δ < 0 : √ of negative = no real root
xΔ > 0two rootscross twiceΔ = 0one rootjust touchesΔ < 0no real rootfloats aboveroots = where the parabola meets the x-axis
x=2x=3y = x² − 5x + 6Δ = 1 > 0x=3 (double)y = x² − 6x + 9Δ = 0lowest pointy = x² + x + 1floats aboveΔ = −3 < 0
▶ 第二關: 由根的性質求參數 k
turn the root condition into a Δ conditiontwo distinct rootsΔ > 0repeated (double) rootΔ = 0= 0 ⇒ solve an equation | > 0 or < 0 ⇒ solve an inequality
▶ 第三關: 直線與抛物線的交點
cuts: 2 pointsΔ > 0tangent: 1 pointΔ = 0misses: 0 pointsΔ < 0line vs parabola — same three cases, judged by Δ
⚔ BOSS: 邊界(Δ ≥ 0)與論證題
the Δ number line — read off the root typeΔ = 0repeated rootΔ < 0Δ < 0no real rootΔ > 0two distinct rootsΔ ≥ 0 : has real root(s)