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第 17 週 · 坐標幾何 · 第 2 節

兩直線的關係(平行 · 垂直 · 相交)

上節學會寫「一條」直線方程,這節看「兩條」直線怎麼擺。平行靠斜率相等、垂直靠斜率乘積 −1、相交就聯立求交點。配滿坐標圖例,呼應 W12 聯立。

parallelperpendicularintersecting
▶ 第一關: 平行(斜率相等)
y = 2x + 1y = 2x − 3same slope m = 2 → parallel
(0,1)given: y = 5x − 2new ∥: y = 5x + 1copy slope, fit through the point
▶ 第二關: 垂直(斜率乘積 −1)
m₁ = 2m₂ = −1/2m₁ × m₂ = 2 × (−1/2) = −1
m = 2flip: 1/2sign: −1/2perpendicular slope = −1 / m
▶ 第三關: 相交求交點
(1, 3)y = 2x + 1y = −x + 4one intersection point
2x + 1 = −x + 43x = 3x = 1y = 2(1) + 1 = 3 → (1, 3)
(2, 4)y = x + 2y = −x + 6solve simultaneously → (2, 4)
⚔ BOSS: 判斷關係 + 求交點 + 作平行/垂直線
(2, 3)y = 2x + 1∥ y = 2x − 1⊥ m = −1/2through (2,3): parallel and perpendicular